Prince Turki Al Faisal (Saudi Arabia Former Government Official) – Viewpoint with James Zogby (Sep 2011)
Chapters
Abstract
The Dynamics of Middle Eastern Politics: A Comprehensive Overview
Navigating the Complexities of Middle Eastern Diplomacy and Saudi Arabia’s Pivotal Role
In a detailed exploration of the Middle Eastern political landscape, key points emerge about Saudi Arabia’s role in regional conflicts and diplomacy. Prince Turki Al-Faisal’s remarks reveal the Kingdom’s perspective on critical issues like the Palestinian statehood, the ramifications of U.S. foreign policy, and the implications of regional unrest in countries like Bahrain, Yemen, and Syria. The Saudi approach to internal governance, regional stability, and the broader implications of these strategies for international diplomacy are central to this analysis. The discussion also touches upon the influence of Iran and Turkey in the region, shedding light on the intricate balance of power and the challenges of fostering peace and security.
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1. The Palestinian Statehood Debate and UN Resolutions
Prince Turki Al-Faisal expressed confusion over the intense reactions to the UN resolution on Palestine. He highlighted the historical context of the UN’s role in creating Israel and the international acknowledgment of Palestinians’ aspirations, referencing President Obama’s 2011 statement.
2. U.S. Foreign Policy: Potential Repercussions of a Veto
Al-Faisal warned of significant consequences if the U.S. vetoes the resolution, predicting a decline in American influence and altering Saudi-U.S. relations. His personal views, mirroring regional sentiments, underscore the geopolitical implications of U.S. decisions.
U.S. Role in the Middle East:
Prince Turki al-Faisal criticized the U.S. for not taking an active role in providing a strategy for peace in the Middle East since President Obama’s speech in Cairo in 2009. He stated that Saudi Arabia would reconsider its cooperation with the U.S. if it vetoed the resolution, as the Kingdom would act independently to defend its interests.
Saudi Arabia’s Disappointment with U.S. Policy:
Saudi Arabia’s disappointment with the U.S. extends beyond the veto of the UN resolution. The Kingdom believes the U.S. has ceded its leadership role in bringing a peaceful resolution to the Arab-Israeli dispute and the Palestinian situation. Saudi Arabia would consider any U.S. veto as a signal that the U.S. is no longer interested in a peaceful solution to these conflicts.
3. Saudi Independence in Regional Affairs
Referencing Bahrain’s unrest, Al-Faisal illustrated Saudi Arabia’s independent approach in protecting its interests, emphasizing non-interference in Bahrain’s internal matters and the strategic deployment of Saudi and Emirati forces.
Example of Bahrain:
Prince Faisal mentioned the situation in Bahrain as an example of Saudi Arabia’s independent decision-making. He clarified that Saudi forces were sent to protect strategic locations and not to quell disturbances.
Saudi Arabia’s Perspective on Bahrain’s Situation:
Saudi Arabia views the situation in Bahrain as a complex issue involving internal tensions between the Bahraini government and the Shia Muslim community, as well as regional interference. The Kingdom believes that stability in Bahrain is crucial for regional security and has taken steps to support the Bahraini government in maintaining order.
4. Bahrain: Missed Opportunities and Reconciliation Efforts
Acknowledging missteps by Bahrain’s government and opposition, Al-Faisal highlighted efforts for national dialogue and an independent inquiry into the unrest, urging the international community to allow Bahrain to resolve its issues internally.
Missed Opportunities in Bahrain:
Prince Faisal acknowledged missteps by both the Bahraini government and the opposition in handling the national dialogue. He urged consideration of two circumstances in Bahrain: discrimination against the Shia community and Iranian interference.
Saudi Arabia’s Role in Bahrain’s Reconciliation Efforts:
Saudi Arabia has supported national dialogue and an independent inquiry into the unrest in Bahrain. The Kingdom believes that lasting stability in Bahrain can only be achieved through a political solution that addresses the grievances of all parties involved. Saudi Arabia has also worked to bridge the divide between the Bahraini government and the opposition, encouraging both sides to engage in meaningful dialogue.
5. Balancing Iranian Influence and Sectarian Dynamics
The Prince recognized concerns over Iranian influence post-1979, emphasizing Saudi Arabia’s security response. He refuted claims of sectarian discrimination in Bahrain, framing government actions as stability measures.
Iran’s Intervention and the Kingdom’s Response:
Iran’s intervention in Bahrain, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and other Muslim communities began in 1979 with the Iranian revolution and Khomeini’s rise to power. In response, the Kingdom and the JCCC countries provided assistance to the Bahraini government.
Saudi Arabia’s Concerns about Iranian Influence:
Saudi Arabia views Iran as a destabilizing force in the region and is concerned about Iran’s attempts to expand its influence through sectarianism and support for militant groups. The Kingdom has taken steps to counter Iranian influence, including strengthening its military and security capabilities and supporting regional allies who are threatened by Iran.
6. Yemen: Complex Conflict and Saudi Intervention
The multifaceted Yemen conflict involves tribal and regional dynamics. Saudi Arabia’s involvement, through economic and security aid and the proposal of a GCC-led stability roadmap, reflects its strategic interests.
The Conflict in Yemen:
The conflict in Yemen involves multiple parties and has tribal, regional, and familial dimensions. Saudi Arabia has hosted Yemen’s president, who has made recent moves towards a transition commission. The dangers of the conflict extend beyond Saudi Arabia, as illustrated by the parcel bombs sent on aircraft to be exploded in the United States.
Saudi Arabia’s Efforts in Yemen:
Saudi Arabia has provided economic and security aid to Yemen and has proposed a roadmap for achieving stability in the country. President Saleh has shown indecision in accepting the GCC plan, but recently delegated his vice president to carry it forward.
Challenges to Stabilization in Yemen:
The conflict in Yemen has escalated beyond President Saleh’s control. A solution must come from within Yemen itself, as external parties can only provide assistance.
GCC’s Efforts in Yemen:
The GCC has attempted to bridge the divide between opposition parties and the government. The Kingdom has collaborated with the world community and the GCC to promote peace and security in Yemen.
Saudi Arabia’s Concerns about Yemen’s Stability:
Saudi Arabia considers Yemen’s stability crucial for its own security and for regional stability. The Kingdom is concerned about the growing presence of Al-Qaeda in Yemen and the potential for the country to become a haven for terrorist activities.
7. Syria’s Political Crisis: Regional Responses
Saudi Arabia’s criticism of the Syrian government’s response to protests, coupled with the Arab League’s negotiation efforts, underscores the region’s complex stance on the Syrian crisis.
Syria’s Government and the Arab League’s Response:
The GCC has echoed the Kingdom’s criticism of the Syrian government’s behavior, while the Arab League has pursued negotiations. President Bashar al-Assad’s initial goodwill has been eroded by his actions.
Saudi Arabia’s Position on the Syrian Crisis:
Saudi Arabia believes that the Syrian crisis can only be resolved through a political solution that addresses the legitimate aspirations of the Syrian people. The Kingdom has called on President Assad to implement reforms and engage in a dialogue with the opposition. Saudi Arabia has also supported international efforts to find a peaceful solution to the crisis.
8. Prince Turki’s View on Assad’s Syria
Al-Faisal’s surprise at Assad’s harsh tactics despite initial goodwill highlights the unexpected turn of events in Syria. Calls for Assad to negotiate with his people and the wider Arab world’s push for dialogue are critical.
Turki Al-Faisal on the Syrian Crisis:
The prolonged Syrian crisis highlights the need for President Bashar al-Assad to address the demands of the Syrian people for a stable and workable solution. The continued use of Syrian forces against Syrian citizens is unacceptable. Iraq’s involvement in the Syrian conflict reflects its alliance with Iran, a close ally of Syria. Iran has called on President Assad to negotiate with his people, a call he should heed.
Saudi Arabia’s View on Iraq’s Involvement in Syria:
Saudi Arabia views Iraq’s involvement in the Syrian conflict as a negative development that will further destabilize the region. The Kingdom believes that Iraq should focus on its own internal challenges and not interfere in the affairs of other countries.
9. Post-Saddam Iraq: A Region in Flux
Post-Saddam Iraq’s perceived alignment with Iran and fears of territorial fragmentation illustrate the geopolitical shifts and the need for a UN resolution to affirm Iraq’s integrity.
Concerns about Iraq’s Future:
The withdrawal of U.S. forces from Iraq raises concerns about the country’s future. The lack of a UN Security Council resolution declaring Iraq’s territorial integrity as an imperative is a significant issue. Centrifugal forces within Iraq may lead to its disintegration and fragmentation. Neighboring countries may be drawn into the conflict, increasing the potential for civil strife in Iraq. Saudi Arabia is actively working with various Iraqi factions to promote a civil and national solution to the challenges facing the Iraqi people.
Saudi Arabia’s Efforts to Promote Stability in Iraq:
Saudi Arabia has been actively involved in efforts to promote stability in Iraq. The Kingdom has supported the Iraqi government in its fight against terrorism and has provided economic and humanitarian assistance to the Iraqi people. Saudi Arabia has also worked to bridge the divide between different Iraqi factions and to encourage dialogue and reconciliation.
10. Turkey’s Ambiguous Role in the Region
Turkey’s assertive diplomacy, including mediation attempts between Syria and Israel, is seen by Saudi Arabia as a constructive, albeit complex, regional influence.
Turkey’s Role in the Region:
Turkey has a historical and present role in the region and aims to maintain friendly relations with all its neighbors. Saudi Arabia sees Turkey’s participation in promoting dialogue and peaceful cooperation between Arabs and Israel as positive. The Kingdom welcomes Turkey’s efforts in mediating regional conflicts, such as the attempted mediation between Syria and Israel.
Saudi Arabia’s Support for Turkey’s Role:
Saudi Arabia supports Turkey’s regional role and sees it as helpful rather than threatening. The Kingdom believes that Turkey’s involvement can facilitate dialogue and peaceful cooperation in the region.
Turkey’s Mediation Efforts:
Turkey has attempted to mediate between Syria and Israel in the past. These efforts were derailed by Israel’s assault on Gaza in 2008, which disappointed and angered Turkey’s leadership.
Saudi Arabia’s View of Turkey’s Regional Role:
Saudi Arabia views Turkey’s regional role positively and sees it as an opportunity for dialogue and cooperation. The Kingdom believes that Turkey’s involvement can contribute to stability and peace in the region.
11. Saudi Arabia and the Arab Spring: A Delicate Balance
The Arab Spring’s ripple effects in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Syria have significantly impacted Saudi Arabia, leading to both economic and diplomatic interventions, such as a substantial aid package to Egypt.
Saudi Arabia’s Response to the Arab Spring:
Saudi Arabia has been closely monitoring the Arab Spring uprisings and has taken a cautious approach in responding to them. The Kingdom has provided financial and humanitarian aid to countries affected by the uprisings, such as Egypt, Tunisia, and Libya. Saudi Arabia has also supported international efforts to promote peaceful transitions in these countries.
Saudi Arabia’s Concerns about the Arab Spring:
Saudi Arabia is concerned about the potential impact of the Arab Spring uprisings on its own stability. The Kingdom fears that the uprisings could embolden dissidents and lead to domestic unrest. Saudi Arabia is also concerned about the rise of Islamist movements in the region and the potential for these movements to gain power through the uprisings.
Saudi Arabia’s Diplomatic Efforts in the Arab Spring:
Saudi Arabia has played a behind-the-scenes role in mediating between the Arab Spring protesters and the governments of the affected countries. The Kingdom has also been involved in international diplomatic efforts to resolve the conflicts in these countries.
12. Addressing Saudi Arabia’s Youth Unemployment
With a large young population entering the job market, Saudi Arabia is implementing a stimulus package focusing on job creation and education, highlighted by initiatives like the King Abdullah University for Science and Technology.
Saudi Arabia’s Youth Bulge and Economic Challenges:
Saudi Arabia has a large youth population, with over 100,000 young people entering the job market each year. The government has announced a stimulus package to create job opportunities, both in the public and private sectors. The private sector has lagged behind in job creation, raising concerns about the sustainability of the government’s efforts. There is a need for long-term private sector-led job creation to reduce the burden on the public sector.
Saudi Arabia’s Focus on Education and Human Capital:
Saudi Arabia recognizes that its natural resources are depletable and aims to develop its human capital as a sustainable resource. The Kingdom allocates a significant portion of its budget to education, including the establishment of universities focused on science, technology, and research. The King Abdullah University for Science and Technology is a unique coeducational institution dedicated to developing skills and know-how for the Saudi people. The Kingdom’s strategy aims to provide Saudi citizens with the skills and knowledge to thrive in a challenging global economy.
13. Saudi Arabia’s Democratic Ideals and Governance
The kingdom’s commitment to participatory governance is evident in its regular municipal elections and its willingness to adapt based on global examples.
Saudi Arabia’s Political System and Governance:
Saudi Arabia is a monarchy with a strong tradition of consultation and consensus-building. The Kingdom has a Consultative Council, or Shura, which is appointed by the king and serves as an advisory body. The king also appoints a Council of Ministers, which is responsible for the day-to-day running of the government. Saudi Arabia has held municipal elections since 2005, and these elections have been open to both men and women.
Saudi Arabia’s Commitment to Reform and Modernization:
Saudi Arabia is committed to reform and modernization and has taken steps to improve its human rights record, promote economic diversification, and expand educational opportunities. The Kingdom has also taken steps to increase the participation of women in the workforce and in government.
14. Syria and Iraq: Saudi Perspectives on Change and Stability
Saudi Arabia’s stance on Syria emphasizes the need for internal determination of regime change, while its regret over the Iraq invasion underscores the importance of territorial integrity and internal solutions.
Saudi Arabia’s Position on Syria and Iraq:
Saudi Arabia believes that the Syrian people should determine their own future and that external intervention is counterproductive. The Kingdom supports a political solution to the Syrian crisis that is led by the Syrian people themselves. Saudi Arabia also believes that the territorial integrity of Iraq is essential for the stability of the region and that the Iraqi people should be allowed to determine their own future without external interference.
15. Saudi Arabia’s Global Role and Religious Diplomacy
As a key player in the Muslim world, Saudi Arabia’s humanitarian efforts, like aiding Somalia, and its disappointment in U.S. policies regarding Palestine, reflect its broader foreign policy objectives.
Saudi Arabia’s Humanitarian and Diplomatic Efforts:
Saudi Arabia is a major humanitarian donor and has provided assistance to countries in need around the world. The Kingdom has also played an active role in mediating regional conflicts and promoting peace and stability. Saudi Arabia has been a strong advocate for the Palestinian people and has been disappointed with the U.S. ceding its leadership role in bringing a peaceful resolution to the Arab-Israeli dispute and the Palestinian situation.
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The Middle Eastern Mosaic
In conclusion, Saudi Arabia’s multi-faceted approach to regional politics, its emphasis on internal solutions to conflicts, and its strategic balancing act in the face of regional power dynamics like Iranian and Turkish influences, highlight the complexities of Middle Eastern diplomacy. The Kingdom’s internal challenges, particularly in addressing its youth bulge and fostering participatory governance, are intertwined with its foreign policy objectives, illustrating the interconnected nature of regional and global politics.
Notes by: BraveBaryon