Background of the Speakers:
The discussion features His Royal Highness Prince Turki al-Faisal and Dan Meridor, two distinguished individuals with extensive experience in their respective countries’ governments and intelligence services.

Regional Conflict and Refugee Crisis:
The Middle East is currently facing numerous wars and civil conflicts, leading to a significant refugee crisis. The Syrian conflict alone has resulted in 9 million refugees and over 200,000 deaths.

Sectarian Differences:
There are deep divisions between Iran and Saudi Arabia, representing extreme and moderate factions, as well as Shiites and Sunnis. These differences further contribute to the regional instability.

Diminishing Prospects:
The situation in the Middle East appears to be deteriorating, with experts predicting further worsening before any improvements.

Perspectives from Prince Turki al-Faisal:
Prince Turki al-Faisal expresses his gratitude for the opportunity to address the audience.

Historical Management Approach:
The Middle East has historically been managed by political and diplomatic efforts that prioritize crisis management rather than resolution.

Examples of Insufficient Resolution Efforts:
The Bush administration’s two-state solution for Israel and Palestine led to the Annapolis meeting in 2007, but no resolution was achieved. The Obama administration continued this approach of managing fires instead of putting them out, as seen in ongoing conflicts in Syria and Iraq.

International Inaction and Humanitarian Concerns:
Despite the high death toll in Syria, the international community has not taken sufficient action to end the conflict. Countries are more focused on scoring points in a metaphorical tennis match rather than resolving the underlying issues.

Regional Instability and Crisis Management:
Countries like Yemen and Libya also face similar challenges of crisis management rather than resolution.

The Middle East’s Political and Historical Revolution:
The region is undergoing a significant political and historical revolution, with competing values and attempts to establish new regimes. The fall of regimes like Mubarak in Egypt did not lead to the emergence of stable, democratic governments, but rather unleashed religious fanaticism and extremism.

Sources of Stability and Instability:
Saudi Arabia and Israel are seen as sources of stability in the region and can collaborate to promote stability. Iran’s nuclear ambitions and support for terrorist groups pose a challenge to stability. ISIS and other extremist groups represent a threat to the entire system.

The Limits of Force and the Importance of Cooperation:
The use of force by the United States in Iraq and Afghanistan did not yield stability and may have exposed America’s limitations. Building stability requires collective efforts from countries that seek peaceful resolutions.

The Palestinian Issue and Regional Peace:
The Palestinian issue needs to be resolved alongside other challenges, as it is not the sole source of regional instability but requires attention.

Henry Kissinger’s Perspective:
The discussion touched upon Henry Kissinger’s new book, “World Order,” which provides valuable insights into the complex geopolitical dynamics of the Middle East.

The Pessimistic Outlook of Henry Kissinger on the Middle East:
Henry Kissinger’s analysis of the Middle East draws parallels to Europe’s pre-Westphalian religious wars and suggests that the region may be caught in an even broader conflict. He warns that the current situation could be a high water mark or the early stage of a prolonged turmoil.

Turki Al-Faisal’s Reflections on Past Attempts at Peace:
Al-Faisal recalls Kissinger’s role in achieving a ceasefire during the 1973 Yom Kippur War and subsequent disengagement talks. He believes that a more comprehensive approach focused on Palestine and occupied territories could have prevented many current issues.

Critique of ISIS:
Al-Faisal criticizes the use of the term “Islamic State” and prefers to call ISIS “fahish,” which means “the worst of the worst” in Arabic. He emphasizes that ISIS is a symptom of a deeper disease and not the root cause of regional instability.

The Emergence of ISIS and the Need for a Cure:
Al-Faisal highlights the resilience of extremist groups like ISIS, which arose after the decimation of Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan and Iraq. He stresses the importance of addressing the underlying causes of extremism, such as sectarian tensions and political instability.

The National Unity Government in Iraq:
Al-Faisal expresses hope for the newly formed national unity government in Iraq, which aims to include all sects and religions in the country. He acknowledges the challenges faced by former Prime Minister Maliki’s divisive policies and the subsequent rise of ISIS.

The Devastation in Syria and the Role of Bashar al-Assad:
Al-Faisal criticizes the international community’s inaction in addressing the Syrian conflict and allowing Bashar al-Assad to remain in power. He emphasizes the need to establish a national unity government in Syria to combat the threat of ISIS and other extremist groups.

Arab League and UN Efforts:
Al-Faisal recounts the Arab League’s proposal for an interim government in Syria, which was vetoed by Russia and China. He also mentions the American and Russian proposal for an interim government, but notes that it failed to materialize due to a lack of commitment.

Iran’s Role in Syria and the Destabilization of the Region:
Dan Meridor highlights Iran’s involvement in Syria through the Al-Quds Force and Hezbollah, supporting Assad’s regime and contributing to regional instability. He emphasizes the need to address Iran’s role and the threat posed by extremist groups like ISIS.

Iran’s Nuclear Ambitions:
The world, especially America, must take a more active role in containing Iran’s nuclear ambitions. A dramatic action is needed to show Iran that the world is serious about preventing it from becoming a dominating power. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Israel share a common interest in preventing Iran’s dominance.

Cooperation Against Terrorism:
Terrorism groups misuse religion to promote their violent ideologies. Deep cooperation, beyond intelligence sharing, is needed to counter these groups and offer an alternative.

The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict:
The conflict has been ongoing since Israel’s establishment and needs to be resolved. Leaving it unresolved is a mistake, and leadership is required to find a solution. Many countries in the region lack effective leadership.

Actions for Resolution:
Cooperation among countries, including economic and military measures, is necessary to address the challenges. Israel has peace agreements with Egypt and Jordan and unofficial connections with other countries. A conference involving Saudi Arabia, Israel, and other parties could demonstrate a change in approach. The world is changing rapidly, and new initiatives are needed to address the challenges.

Saudi Arabia’s Role:
Saudi Arabia has a long history of peace efforts, starting with the Fahd Peace Initiative in 1981. The Fahd Peace Initiative gained support from Arab countries for recognizing the existence of Israel. Saudi Arabia’s efforts have been consistent over time.

Saudi-Israeli Cooperation:
Saudi Arabia’s peace initiatives for resolving the Palestinian conflict have been ignored by Israel. A Saudi-Israeli cooperation is challenging due to Israel’s negative response to Saudi peace initiatives.

Arab Peace Initiative:
The Arab Peace Initiative proposes peace and development between Israel and 22 Arab countries and 56 Muslim countries. This initiative has been rejected by Israel.

Geopolitical Dynamics:
Saudi Arabia and Israel share a common concern about Iran’s nuclear program. However, Saudi Arabia believes that a more equitable approach to the issue is necessary.

NPT Review Conference:
The NPT Review Conference in 2010 called for a zone free of weapons of mass destruction in the Middle East. This would include no nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons for all countries in the region.

Iran Nuclear Agreement:
An upcoming agreement between Iran and the P5 plus one will likely allow Iran to enrich uranium at a certain level. Saudi Arabia believes that this agreement will give Iran the knowledge and techniques to develop nuclear weapons.

Saudi Concerns about Nuclear Proliferation:
Countries in the Middle East and beyond will demand equal rights to enrich uranium like Iran, spreading nuclear proliferation techniques globally. A more conclusive end to proliferation requires a comprehensive agreement among all countries.

Israel’s Participation in Nuclear Discussions:
Israel’s attendance at sessions related to a weapons of mass destruction-free zone in the Middle East is a positive sign. The United States canceled a 2012 conference on the zone due to inadequate preparation, raising questions about its commitment to non-proliferation efforts.

Risks of Nuclear Proliferation in the Middle East:
The availability of nuclear technology on the internet makes it accessible to countries with financial resources and ambitions. Proliferation in the Middle East could lead to regional instability and direct threats to Israel.

Approaches to Addressing the Iranian Nuclear Threat:
Negotiations with Iran are a necessary step, accompanied by continued economic pressure to influence Iran’s behavior. Maintaining the option of military action is crucial to deterring Iran’s nuclear ambitions and preserving America’s global standing.

Urgent Call for Action:
Saudi Arabia, Israel, Jordan, and Egypt should collaborate on a dramatic initiative to address the nuclear threat and regional challenges. Israel needs to reevaluate its policies, including limiting settlement activities and transferring authority to the Palestinians.

Challenges in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict:
The complexity of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, involving Hamas in Gaza and the limitations of President Abbas’s authority, complicates peace efforts. Israel can take unilateral steps to improve the situation, such as limiting settlement expansion and empowering the Palestinians.

Lessons from Past Peace Negotiations:
Prime Minister Olmert’s comprehensive offer to President Abbas in 2008 and Prime Minister Barak’s offer to Yasser Arafat at Camp David demonstrate the potential for negotiated solutions.

Assessing the Growing Threats:
Dan Meridor highlights the urgent need to address the threats posed by extreme Islamic fanatics and Iran’s exploitation of these groups. Graham Allison emphasizes the importance of taking action rather than just explaining the situation, focusing on the emerging Israeli-Saudi alliance.

ISIL (Fahash): A Common Enemy
Allison brings attention to ISIL (Fahash), a group that has captured a vast area larger than the state of Indiana and aims to establish an Islamic caliphate. The group’s map erases Israel’s existence, posing an existential threat to both Israel and Saudi Arabia.

Existential Threats to Israel and Saudi Arabia:
Meridor and Allison discuss the existential threats posed by ISIL (Fahash) to both Israel and Saudi Arabia, highlighting the alignment of interests between the two countries in confronting this common enemy.

Historical Context:
Meridor recounts a past incident in Mecca, where an attempted takeover of the holy places was prevented through the use of force. He emphasizes the importance of sometimes resorting to force to stop dangerous groups like ISIL (Fahash).

Challenges of Non-State Actors:
Meridor points out the challenges of dealing with non-state actors like ISIL (Fahash) and the collapse of the traditional state-based system. He questions how to respond to attacks launched by such groups, given the lack of clear targets and the absence of established rules of engagement.

Intelligence Cooperation:
Enhanced intelligence sharing among interested parties is essential in the current geopolitical landscape. Cooperation can help combat common threats and provide stability in the region.

Hope for Stability:
People in the Middle East need to see a stable alternative to the current crises. Countries can take risks and work together to promote stability and cooperation.

Addressing Threats:
The Middle East faces two main threats: Fahish (extremist groups) and the lack of economic development. Dramatic steps are needed to realign the region and bring about stability.

Nuclear Issue:
Saudi Arabia believes Israel has nuclear weapons and should join the NPT and open its facilities for inspection. This step would convince Saudi Arabia of Israel’s commitment to regional security.

Past Peace Efforts:
Prince Turki Al-Faisal criticizes blaming Arafat and Abbas for not signing peace deals with losing leaders. He emphasizes the responsibility of leaders to prioritize the well-being of their people.

Fahd’s Global Impact:
Fahd affects not only regional countries but also Western nations. The spread of Fahish ideology raises questions about how individuals are drawn to extremist groups.

Future-Focused Solutions:
Dan Meridor emphasizes the need to focus on the future rather than dwelling on the past. He seeks solutions for the future without blaming individuals for past actions.

Condi Rice’s Account of the Negotiations:
Dan Meridor cites Condi Rice’s book as an objective source of information regarding the peace negotiations between Israel and Palestine. He emphasizes that he read the 50 pages related to the negotiations and considers her account to be truthful.

Mahmoud Abbas’s Opportunity for a Palestinian State:
Meridor highlights the significance of the offer made by Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert to Mahmoud Abbas. Olmert proposed a Palestinian state, the end of occupation, and a land swap, including dividing Jerusalem and an international regime. Despite the offer meeting most of Abbas’s demands, he hesitated due to the requirement of an end to conflict and claims.

The Importance of Courage in Negotiations:
Meridor emphasizes the need for courage from both sides in order to reach an agreement. He cites examples of leaders like Sadat, Hossein ibn Talal, Aliya Hamu, Menachem Begin, and Rabin, who demonstrated courage in making difficult decisions.

Skepticism Towards International Support:
Turki Al-Faisal expresses skepticism regarding the reliability of international support for an agreement. He believes that waiting for Abbas’s agreement is not necessary and that action should be taken regardless.

Personal Experience with Negotiations:
Al-Faisal shares his personal experiences in negotiations with Abbas, highlighting their complexity.

Gulf State Funding to Taliban:
The kingdom has stopped any contributions of funds to any group or institution other than through official banking regulations devised by the world community. The kingdom proposed an international counter-terrorism center at the United Nations to share intelligence and know-how.

Proxy War between Persia and Arab:
Saudi Arabia and Iran continue to have diplomatic relations and communicate complaints. Saudi complaints against Iran include interference in Arab affairs, media incitement, and the nuclear program. Iran has responded that its nuclear technology is safe and developed domestically.

Addressing Saudi Complaints with Iran:
Saudi Arabia wants Iran to disclose its nuclear program for transparency. The kingdom calls for open discussions to address complaints and concerns.

United States and Allied Support for Bashar Assad:
Supporting Bashar Assad against ISIS could empower him and strengthen his recruitment efforts, as his brutality is a key motivator for extremist groups like ISIS.

The Complex Position of Israel in the Syrian Conflict:
Israel’s position in the Syrian conflict is unique due to its geographic proximity and historical tensions with Syria and other regional players. Israel’s support for or opposition to Assad could have detrimental effects, as any action could be interpreted as Jewish support or opposition, which could exacerbate tensions.

The Human Cost of the Syrian Civil War:
The Syrian civil war has resulted in the deaths of over 200,000 people, including women, children, and men. The conflict has created a humanitarian crisis, with widespread suffering and displacement of civilians.

Iran’s Role in the Syrian Conflict:
Iran has been a staunch supporter of the Assad regime, providing military and financial assistance. Iran’s involvement is part of its broader strategy to expand its influence in the region and counter the influence of Saudi Arabia and other Sunni-majority countries.

The Geopolitical Implications of the Syrian Conflict:
The Syrian conflict is a complex issue with far-reaching geopolitical implications, involving regional powers such as Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Israel, as well as the United States and its allies. The conflict has contributed to instability and violence in the region, and there is a need for a collective effort to find a lasting solution.

The Need for Immediate Action:
The speakers emphasize the urgency of addressing the Syrian conflict and its regional implications. They call for international cooperation and leadership to stabilize the Middle East and prevent further escalation of violence.

GCC Reconciliation and Military Development:
At the recent Riyadh summit, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and UAE reinstated their ambassadors to Qatar, ending a needless rift. Developing military capabilities is a priority for the GCC in light of evolving regional threats.

Historical Arms Supply Limitations:
Arms suppliers, both Western and Eastern, maintained strict control over who received what weapons and when. This limited the GCC countries’ access to advanced weapons and training.

Liberation of Kuwait and Knowledge Transfer:
The liberation of Kuwait from Iraqi occupation forced the US to share more advanced weapons systems with GCC countries. This cooperation resulted in improved know-how, training, equipment, and technology for the GCC.

Coalition Against ISIS and Information Sharing:
The current coalition fighting ISIS is pushing the US to share more openly with coalition partners. This could further enhance the GCC countries’ military capabilities.

Iran’s Ambiguous Role in Fighting ISIS:
Iran claims to fight ISIS but has not shown active involvement in Iraq or Syria. Instead, Iran-backed militias in Iraq have targeted Arab Sunni tribes trying to combat ISIS. ISIS also claims to fight Iran but has not attacked Iranian targets.

Sunni-Shia Dynamics and US Alignment:
ISIS has weakened Sunni countries, not Shia countries, creating a complex situation. Iran’s alignment with the US against ISIS could alienate the Sunni world.

US Interests and Regional Instability:
The US’s efforts to protect its interests in the region may have contributed to the instability in countries like Egypt, Iran, and Syria.

The US’s Role in the Region:
The US’s influence in the Middle East is widely debated, with some arguing that its actions have contributed to the instability in the region, while others maintain that the issues are more deeply rooted. Dan Meridor believes that the US’s role is relatively minor compared to the deep-seated problems in the region, and criticizes the American administration for its mistakes.

Force as a Solution:
Meridor acknowledges that force may sometimes be necessary to protect interests and prevent harm, but emphasizes that it cannot solve all problems. He highlights the example of Iraq, where President Bush’s use of force led to the rise of ISIS, rather than the establishment of a stable state.

The Importance of Soft Power:
Meridor suggests that the US should focus on using its economic, ideological, and cultural influence to help countries in the region.

The Role of Social Media:
Social media has become a powerful tool for communication and expression, allowing people to share ideas and challenge authority. However, it can also be used for negative purposes, such as spreading extremist propaganda or inciting violence.

Saudi Arabia’s Perspective:
Turki Al-Faisal acknowledges that social media has both positive and negative aspects, and believes that it should be regulated to prevent its misuse. He emphasizes the importance of education and cultural exchange as ways to promote understanding between Saudi Arabia and the West.

Negotiation Strategy:
Dan Meridor criticizes the Israeli government for lacking a clear goal in its negotiations with the Palestinians. He argues that setting a clear goal and working towards it is essential for a successful negotiation process.

The Bigger Picture:
Meridor cautions against being overly influenced by short-term events and sensational news, and encourages a long-term perspective. He highlights the progress that Israel has made in the region, despite the ongoing challenges.

Leadership and Risks:
Leadership is needed to continue the progress in the Middle East. The region has the potential to move forward and improve. Countries with backwards economies have great potential for growth.

Breaking Old Paradigms:
It is important to let go of old patterns of hatred and paradigms. The challenges and opportunities in the Middle East are immense. Israel and other countries need to take steps to change the region.

Government Action:
Governments have the power to move the region forward if they are willing to take risks. Countries need to work together economically, intelligence-wise, and against bad actors. Regular meetings between governments are essential to address these issues.

Israeli-Jewish Money and Arab Brains:
With Israeli-Jewish money and Arab brains, much can be accomplished. Collaboration between these two groups has the potential to drive progress in the Middle East.