Moore’s Law and Its Continuation:
Moore’s Law has been predicted to end prematurely for decades, yet the semiconductor industry continues to make significant progress. Intel’s current visibility for Moore’s Law’s continuation is about a decade, with doubling of transistor count occurring every three years instead of every two years as in the past. Economic factors have changed, with modern fabs costing $20 billion compared to $10 billion seven to eight years ago.

Technological Advancements Driving Moore’s Law:
New transistor type: Gate-all-around transistors address the challenges of shrinking transistors. Improved power delivery: Ribbon-fed power delivery from the backside of the wafer solves power density issues. Advanced lithography: Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography reduces light wavelength from 193 nanometers to 13.5 nanometers, enabling smaller features. High numerical aperture lithography is the next-generation lithography technique with the first machine to be installed in Intel’s Oregon facility by the end of 2023.

Transition from 2D to 3D Chips:
Chips are evolving from 2D to 3D, allowing for stacking and innovation in three dimensions. Advanced packaging techniques, such as 2.5D and 3D packaging, enable the integration of a trillion transistors into a single package by the end of the decade.

Intel’s Commitment to Moore’s Law:
Intel sees itself as the steward of Moore’s Law and is committed to continuing its advancement until the periodic table is exhausted. The company aims to achieve a trillion transistors in a single package by the end of the decade.

Apple’s Carbon Emissions:
The energy consumed in the fabrication of chips used by Apple is the largest contributor to the company’s carbon emissions. The energy used to make these chips exceeds the energy consumed by all Apple devices worldwide in a given year. More advanced generations of semiconductor technology consume more energy in their production.

Intel’s Environmental Leadership:
Intel has been a leader in environmental sustainability in the semiconductor industry for decades. The company’s founders, Gordon Moore, Robert Noyce, and Andy Grove, were passionate about climate and environmental issues. Intel’s ethos of environmental consciousness is deeply rooted in its founding principles.

Intel’s Achievements:
Intel’s fabrication facilities use about 90% green energy. The company committed to achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2040, ahead of the 2050 target set by many other companies. Intel’s Arizona fab recycles 92% of its water and, combined with water reclamation projects, achieves over 100% water use. The company eliminates harmful materials like chlorophyllides from its manufacturing processes.

Intel’s Advantage:
Intel stands out as an industry leader in environmental sustainability, far ahead of competitors like Samsung and TSMC. Intel’s environmentally conscious approach sets its chips apart and makes them a preferred choice for consumers seeking sustainable technology solutions.

Moore’s Law and Manufacturing Prowess:
Ann Kelleher, Intel’s CTO, emphasizes the connection between innovation and manufacturing prowess through the learning curve. Manufacturing volume and innovation go hand in hand, leading to consolidation in the industry.

Geopolitical Importance of Semiconductor Manufacturing:
Pat Gelsinger expresses concern about the concentration of semiconductor manufacturing in Asia, particularly in Taiwan. He calls for balanced and resilient supply chains spread across the world, to enhance geopolitical stability and supply chain resilience.

Investing in US and European Manufacturing:
Intel is committed to reshoring and rebalancing its manufacturing operations in the US and Europe. The CHIPS Act supports this goal by providing incentives for semiconductor manufacturing in these regions.

Semiconductors as the Foundation of the Digital Future:
Gelsinger emphasizes the critical role of semiconductors in the digital future and the need for balanced and resilient supply chains. He highlights the importance of volume manufacturing and continuous innovation in the semiconductor industry.

Innovation and Manufacturing are Inextricable:
Intel believes innovation and manufacturing are inextricably linked, and the company aims to be an innovator at the heart of the digital future by being a manufacturer at scale.

Reshoring and Rebalancing Manufacturing:
Intel’s strategy includes reshoring and rebalancing manufacturing to ensure a secure and resilient supply chain. The company is investing heavily in new fabs and advanced construction projects.

AI Hardware Development:
Gelsinger discusses Intel’s efforts to develop AI hardware and democratize AI. The company aims to make AI accessible to application developers and integrate it into standard products like laptops. Intel is also working to open up the software stack and eliminate proprietary technologies.

Competing in High-End Training Space:
Intel plans to compete in the high-end training space by offering high-performance computing chips and integrating AI capabilities into its standard Xeon processors.

Evolving Workload and IEEE P854:
Gelsinger highlights the evolving nature of AI workloads and the importance of adapting to changing requirements. He mentions his involvement in creating the IEEE P854 floating-point standard, demonstrating his commitment to industry standards and innovation.

AI Trends and Challenges:
AI is undergoing rapid evolution, with breakthroughs in algorithmic models, sparse matrices, and probabilistic guessing. AI models are becoming larger and more complex, requiring more data, networking, and compute resources. Democratizing AI involves making it accessible and usable by a broader range of people and applications.

AI Algorithms and Hardware:
The dominance of current AI algorithmic domains is not guaranteed to continue in the future. New algorithmic innovations, such as larger memory spaces and sparser representations, are emerging. The boundaries between scalar computing and throughput computing are becoming blurred as AI algorithms evolve.

Security and Ethical Considerations:
As AI models become more sophisticated, concerns about security, data privacy, and bias arise. Securing AI models, protecting data, and preventing biased training are important challenges. Distributed retraining of models presents unique challenges, such as managing data privacy and ensuring unbiased outcomes.

Intel’s Relationship with Tech Giants:
Intel views Google, Microsoft, Amazon, and Alibaba as both customers and competitors. Intel aims to capture the designs of these companies on its foundry, even if they have competing products. The technology industry thrives on open innovation and coopetition, with companies collaborating and competing simultaneously.

Workforce Development and AI Education:
Intel continues to hire new college graduates to bring in fresh perspectives and drive innovation. The company maintains a vibrant research community, Intel Labs, to participate in cutting-edge research and open-source projects. Intel recognizes the importance of reskilling and training its workforce to prepare for the transformation of tomorrow.

Workforce Development Challenges:
Pat Gelsinger acknowledges the difficulty in retraining and upskilling the workforce for advanced technological jobs. Traditional workforce development programs are often inadequate for the specific needs of high-tech industries like semiconductor manufacturing. Intel focuses on bringing in raw talent and providing hands-on training to develop skilled workers.

The Ohio Groundbreaking and Workforce Development:
Gelsinger describes the significance of the Ohio groundbreaking as a symbol of the transition from the Rust Belt to the Silicon Heartland. Intel invested $50 million, matched by $50 million from the National Science Foundation (NSF), in workforce development programs for the Ohio manufacturing location.

Future Workforce Needs:
Gelsinger emphasizes the importance of identifying and training the workforce needed five years from now. The future workforce will view AI tools and skills as standard tools of the trade. Intel seeks individuals with a unique blend of technical expertise and hands-on factory experience.

Reimagining Workforce Development:
Gelsinger envisions a future where AI tools and skills are integrated into everyday work tasks. He calls for a reimagined approach to workforce development that prepares individuals for the evolving demands of the technology industry.

Conclusion:
Pat Gelsinger’s insights highlight the critical role of workforce development in driving technological innovation and economic growth. He emphasizes the need for ongoing investment in training programs that equip individuals with the skills necessary to thrive in the future workplace.

Bridging the Gap Between Academia and Industry:
Pat Gelsinger emphasizes the need to bridge the gap between academia and industry in advancing semiconductor technology. The NSTC and the CHIPS Act’s secure facility sidecar aim to create a halfway house for fundamental innovative research work. University shuttle programs allow researchers to access modern technology nodes for their work, with the goal of scaling up the program significantly.

Intel’s Fab Investments and Challenges:
Intel’s fabs cost billions of dollars, while the entire budget of the nano center is significantly smaller. Single pieces of lithography equipment can cost a quarter billion dollars, requiring dozens of them to run a fab at scale.

Materials Beyond Silicon:
Silicon is an exceptional material for microelectronics due to its stability and manufacturability. Intel explores using other materials on top of silicon to create new effects and innovations. Ferroelectrics and quantum dots are among the materials being researched.

Quantum Computing and Manufacturing at Scale:
Intel’s quantum dot program focuses on building quantum computers on top of silicon. Gelsinger believes Intel can build a million qubits and achieve quantum supremacy by 2030. Quantum computing will deliver sustainable quantum computing and quantum supremacy on meaningful algorithms.

Collaboration and Assistance from Universities:
Gelsinger seeks assistance from universities in reaching Intel’s vision. Universities can contribute by aligning their research with Intel’s goals and exploring new materials and techniques. Intel encourages universities to participate in the university shuttle program to access modern technology nodes.

Pat Gelsinger’s Call to Action:
Pat Gelsinger emphasizes the importance of manufacturing the future, not just inventing it.

The CHIPS Act:
The CHIPS Act is significant industrial policy legislation aimed at revitalizing the U.S. semiconductor industry.

MIT’s Role in the Manufacturing Future:
Gelsinger challenges MIT to contribute to the vision of not only inventing but also manufacturing the future.

Intel’s Commitment to Manufacturing:
Gelsinger’s return to Intel as CEO is driven by his passion for pursuing this cause and purpose.

The Importance of Nano Lab:
Gelsinger encourages MIT students to engage with the nano lab and develop a love for building hardware and silicon at scale.

The Trajectory of the U.S. Semiconductor Industry:
Gelsinger emphasizes the need to reverse the decline of the U.S. semiconductor industry and bring manufacturing back to the country.

Intel’s Support for Domestic Shuttle Community:
Gelsinger expresses his commitment to supporting the domestic shuttle community and expanding Intel’s foundry services for startups.

Intel’s Foundry Services:
Intel aims to improve its foundry technologies, EDA, and IP ecosystem to support the needs of startups and early users.

Gelsinger’s Call for Collaboration:
Gelsinger seeks collaboration from the MIT community to help Intel reach its goals in manufacturing the future.

Gelsinger’s Outlook on Biological Computing and Alternative Technologies:
Pat Gelsinger expresses skepticism towards the market impact of biological computers, citing their modest benefits compared to traditional digital transistors. He emphasizes the extraordinary scalability and effectiveness of silicon-based CMOS devices. However, he acknowledges the potential of quantum computing and neuromorphic computing as distinct domains with significant potential.

Sematech’s Legacy and Lessons for NSTC:
Gelsinger reflects on Sematech’s history, acknowledging its mixed legacy. He views Sematech as a catalyst that mobilized the U.S. semiconductor industry during a challenging period of competition with Japan. While Sematech’s research and collaboration model had limitations, Gelsinger emphasizes the need to learn from its experiences in shaping the NSTC.

Revitalizing Venture Capital Interest in Semiconductors:
Gelsinger recognizes the decline in venture capital investments in semiconductors compared to other emerging sectors like blockchain. He highlights a recent resurgence in venture funding for semiconductors, particularly in areas such as networking components, AI chips, and RF sensors. Gelsinger believes that successful research initiatives like NSTC can attract venture capital interest by creating tangible opportunities and results.

Domino Effect of Momentum in the Semiconductor Industry:
Gelsinger emphasizes the importance of initiating a period of momentum in the semiconductor industry to drive further growth and innovation. He cites the recent announcements of major manufacturing facilities in the US by companies like Samsung, TSMC, Micron, and Intel as evidence of this momentum. Gelsinger sees this domino effect as a positive sign that will attract venture capital funding and stimulate further investment in the sector.

Manufacturing Investments in the U.S.:
In the past two years, there have been more announcements of manufacturing investments in the U.S. than in the previous ten years, indicating a positive shift in the industry.

Progress Towards a Balanced Global Manufacturing Landscape:
Gelsinger aims to transform the current 20-80 split in global manufacturing capacity to a more balanced 50-50 ratio within a decade.

Moonshot Goal and Extraordinary Results:
The moonshot goal is to double the manufacturing capacity of semiconductors, which are essential for the digital future and the lives of every individual.

Achieving 60-40 Manufacturing Capacity:
Even if the industry can achieve a 60-40 split in manufacturing capacity in a decade, it would be an extraordinary result, significantly increasing global production capabilities.

Gratitude for Pat Gelsinger’s Insights:
The moderator expresses appreciation for Pat Gelsinger’s optimistic outlook and insightful remarks on the semiconductor industry.