Introduction and National Anthem:

The transcript starts with a formal opening, featuring the singing of the Indonesian national anthem, “Indonesia Raya.” The audience is then asked to be seated, signaling the commencement of the event.

Welcoming Dignitaries:

The emcee, Osindra, acknowledges key attendees, including His Excellency, the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, Bapak Nadiem Makarim. Other dignitaries, such as Bapak Victor Hartono from PT. Jarum and Bapak Roberto Hartono, CCO of Polytron, are also recognized.

Event Purpose and Organizer:

Osindra introduces the event as a “special occasion, conversation with Sam Altman,” organized by Corica and GDP Venture. The emcee points out that the event aims to delve into the subject of artificial intelligence.

Introduction of Sam Altman:

Sam Altman, CEO of OpenAI and creator of technologies like JGPT and DAL-E, is warmly welcomed. His expertise and contributions to the field are acknowledged as valuable to the day’s conversations.

Moderator Introduction:

The emcee introduces Professor-Doctor and Senior Hamam Risa MSJ, the President of CORICA (Collaborative Research and Industrial Innovation in AI), who is to serve as the moderator for the event.

Event’s Broader Audience:

The emcee and the moderator extend a greeting not only to the dignitaries but also to AI developers and enthusiasts, emphasizing the event’s broad appeal.

Anticipation and Importance:

Both the emcee and the moderator build anticipation for the forthcoming conversation with Sam Altman. They highlight its importance in providing wisdom and insights into the realm of artificial intelligence.

Overall, the segment sets the stage for a focused discussion on artificial intelligence, underlining its significance and welcoming a distinguished group of speakers and attendees.

Introduction:

The speaker opens the event by emphasizing Indonesia’s focus on AI development. They represent CORICA (Collaborative Research and Industrial Innovations in Artificial Intelligence) and the AI ecosystem in Indonesia. They highlight the importance of embracing cutting-edge AI technologies, including AGI (Artificial General Intelligence), as emphasized by President Jokowi.

Indonesian AI Strategy:

The speaker presents a book outlining Indonesia’s National AI Strategy aimed at becoming a global leader in AI by 2045. The strategy covers visions, objectives, and priority areas for AI development in Indonesia. The nation aims to foster collaborations and integrations of AI technologies across diverse sectors.

Collaboration and Talent:

CORICA is identified as a crucial platform for collaborations among individuals, academia, industry, and the government. The collective efforts in the AI ecosystem are expected to catalyze job creation and strengthen the economy.

Dialogue with Sam Altman:

The speaker welcomes Sam Altman and opens the floor for questions. An initial question explores the possibility of AI supporting traditional industries like batik creation. Sam Altman suggests it’s entirely feasible, citing examples where AI has been used for similar purposes.

Ownership of AI Output:

A question is raised regarding who should own the creative outputs generated by AI. Sam Altman suggests a new model might be needed that allows multiple stakeholders to benefit, including those who help train or create the AI model.

Education and AI:

The Minister of Education, Research and Technology of Indonesia asks about the future of education systems in the era of AI. He is concerned about the challenges AI might bring to traditional methods of student assessment.

OpenAI’s Transition:

The Minister also inquires about OpenAI’s transition from a non-profit to a for-profit organization, seeking to understand the considerations behind this change.

The discussion gives insight into the development and challenges of AI, both globally and specifically in Indonesia, touching on issues from national strategy to education and intellectual property.

Historical Perspective:

Sam Altman begins by acknowledging that technology has consistently transformed education throughout history, often provoking concerns. He cites the introduction of the calculator and the search engine as significant turning points that initially faced skepticism from educators.

Concerns and Responses:

The crux of the concerns raised in the past was largely about the relevance of memorization in education. Math teachers questioned the role of memorization when calculators could easily perform calculations. Similarly, the advent of Google raised doubts about the need to memorize facts. Altman argues that the key is to embrace these technologies, not resist them.

Impact on Human Abilities:

Embracing technology in education, according to Altman, enhances human ability, creativity, and potential. Technology becomes a tool that elevates cognitive and creative capabilities. Expectations rise as well, requiring educators and learners to adapt and evolve.

Future Outlook:

Altman foresees a rise in the rate of learning and the potential of every student due to technological advancements. While foundational skills like writing will remain important for fostering critical thinking, the methods of evaluation are likely to change.

Overall, Altman presents an optimistic view of how technological advancements can positively impact education by augmenting human capabilities and accelerating the rate of learning.

Teaching Approaches:

Sam Altman suggests that the future of education will focus on teaching methods that encourage the process of thinking and problem-solving. With technological tools like calculators and AI, students can operate at a higher cognitive level, leading to an altered evaluation system that aligns with these new methods.

Varied Reactions:

The speaker notes that educators are divided in their reception of technology. Some resist these advancements, viewing them as threats to traditional education, while others embrace them as enhancements. Altman empathizes with both perspectives but leans towards the latter.

Real-world Applications:

Altman emphasizes that students will use these advanced tools in their future careers. Failure to train them in effectively utilizing these resources would be a missed opportunity, impacting their creativity and productivity.

Historical Cycles:

Altman recounts the initial resistance when AI chat tools like ChatGPT were first introduced into educational settings. Schools rushed to ban them, but the tide turned quickly. Teachers realized the potential benefits and began to integrate these tools into their teaching methods.

Generational Shift:

Altman closes by expressing optimism for the next generation of students. He believes they will be more capable than any previous generation due to their access to advanced tools. This technological acclimation is presented as a natural progression in human development and societal growth.

Altman highlights the transformative power of technology in educational settings and insists that to prepare students for the future, educators must adapt and adopt these new tools.

Nonprofit to For-profit Switch:

Sam Altman explains that the mission of his organization has remained constant: to build safe AGI and distribute its benefits broadly. The change from a nonprofit to a for-profit structure was driven by the high cost of developing these systems. They’ve raised over $10 billion and expect to need more. To attract talent and resources, they created a capped-profit subsidiary to work alongside the nonprofit, aiming to leverage capitalism without compromising their mission.

View on AI’s Intelligence:

Sam Altman describes AI as an “alien form of intelligence,” strong in areas where humans might be weak, and vice versa. He emphasizes that the rate of AI development is often misunderstood; it is progressing rapidly and will continue to do so. Rather than one powerful AI system serving everyone, he envisions multiple AIs, developed by various people, contributing collectively to society.

AI in the Role of Super Assistants:

Altman suggests that the future could include each person having multiple “super assistants,” akin to being the CEO of a well-coordinated company. This would enhance individual capability and accelerate societal progress.

AI’s Potential in Science and Technology:

Altman believes the most promising avenue for AI, beyond being large language models, is its potential to contribute new scientific knowledge. He suggests that AIs could eventually tackle large scale problems like curing diseases or solving climate change. He emphasizes that this requires a new research paradigm, one where models can think creatively, as existing knowledge alone won’t suffice to address these problems.

The Next Paradigm in AI:

Altman argues that the next step in AI development is teaching the models to think creatively and come up with new ideas. He cites the historical example of Newton, who had to go beyond existing knowledge to invent calculus. Similarly, future AI models need to be capable of generating novel scientific ideas to further human progress.

Technical Solution for Alignment:

Sam Altman discusses the technical aspect of aligning AI models to produce good or bad outputs. He points out that the early versions, such as GPT-3, sometimes failed to align well, saying things that were not intended. However, GPT-4 has made advancements, effectively “behaving as designed.” It understands what is considered good or bad and usually acts accordingly, although there can still be ways to “jailbreak” these limitations.

Who Sets the Values?:

The second, and arguably more complex problem, is deciding the values that AI systems will align with. Deciding the outer bounds or the default behavior of these AI systems is a contentious issue. Altman argues that the decision shouldn’t solely be in the hands of OpenAI or a single organization. Instead, customization should be allowed to some extent, letting AI adapt to different laws, cultures, or individual value systems.

Customization and Scope:

Altman suggests that AI can be extremely adaptable. For example, it can read the laws of a country like Indonesia and behave accordingly. It could even adapt to a specific subculture or individual, offering a high degree of customization.

Democratic Decision-making:

In an attempt to democratize the decision-making process about AI alignment, OpenAI has initiated programs to fund research on collecting data about human preferences in a just way. The aim is to involve as many perspectives as possible in shaping the behavior of AI models. OpenAI seeks to educate people about the trade-offs and nuances but ultimately wants to let them make the final decisions.

Future Research:

OpenAI is also actively looking for new research ideas on democratic methods for determining AI behavior and is willing to provide grants to people with innovative ideas in this area. They are exploring their own methods to engage with people and understand their values, thereby aiming to create a more equitable and just AI alignment system.

Democratic Decision-making in AI:

Sam Altman outlines OpenAI’s plan to democratize decision-making regarding the behavior and alignment of AI systems. The aim is to involve the global community in shaping the AI and to respect diverse legal frameworks while doing so. This approach could potentially lead to moral progress by incorporating multiple perspectives.

Inclusivity and Linguistic Diversity:

The speaker with a background in Natural Language Processing (NLP) emphasizes the importance of linguistic inclusivity. He specifically mentions Bahasa Indonesia, given its significance in Southeast Asia and the rich linguistic landscape of Indonesia, which has 472 local languages and dialects.

Improving Language Support:

Sam Altman acknowledges that GPT-3 was primarily effective in English and less so in other languages. However, he points out that GPT-4 is good at the top 20 languages and passable at around 80 others. OpenAI aims for GPT-5 to support even smaller languages and dialects but indicates that they would need help in the form of datasets and evaluations, especially for languages like Bahasa Indonesia.

Collaboration for Linguistic Expansion:

Altman expresses OpenAI’s eagerness to collaborate with entities that can provide valuable language datasets, noting that such collaboration would not only benefit OpenAI but also the larger linguistic communities. Specifically, making datasets for smaller languages available would be beneficial for the people in those communities, including Indonesia.

Future Collaboration:

The speaker from the NLP background confirms interest in collaboration, suggesting a positive outlook for future partnerships aimed at improving language support and resources for Bahasa Indonesia and other languages.

OpenAI’s Evolution:

Sam Altman from OpenAI responds to questions about the company’s research direction, specifically whether transformer architectures like GPT-4 have reached their limits. Altman states that there doesn’t seem to be a limit yet, but admits that simply adding more computing power has diminishing returns. The focus, he suggests, should be on creating models that can contribute new knowledge, something current models struggle with.

Computational Challenges:

Altman says that it has become increasingly difficult to achieve the same levels of gains simply through adding more computational power. To push the limits, Altman believes the next step is to develop more efficient algorithms, better datasets, and systems capable of generating new ideas.

Culture of Risk in Silicon Valley:

Discussing the difference between Silicon Valley and the rest of the world in terms of AI development, Altman credits the culture that tolerates failure. In Silicon Valley, failing at an ambitious project doesn’t preclude one from starting another, which encourages bigger, riskier ideas. This culture is one of the key factors that make the region unique and a leader in technology.

Global Regulation of AGI:

Addressing regulatory concerns around AI and AGI, Altman emphasizes the need for a global response. He advocates for a licensing framework and safety standards, particularly as AI systems become increasingly powerful and their effects become global. Altman insists that this is especially important for systems approaching AGI, as they pose significant global risks.

Metrics and Research Focus:

When asked about the metrics he monitors, Altman describes OpenAI as fundamentally a research company. Traditional metrics like user engagement and revenue growth are applicable for their products, but they lack established metrics for evaluating research progress. The key to research, he believes, is patience and a focus on potential paradigm shifts.

This summary encapsulates Altman’s insights into the future of OpenAI, the unique risk-taking culture of Silicon Valley, and the regulatory and operational challenges facing the AI industry.

Existential Risks of AGI:

Sam Altman emphasizes that both short-term and long-term risks associated with AI and AGI (Artificial General Intelligence) are important. His company’s primary focus is on long-term AGI risks. They believe in iterative deployment to manage risks at each stage of development.

Balance Between Immediate and AGI Risks:

Even though the company’s mission is geared towards long-term AGI risks, they also allocate substantial time to mitigate short-term risks. For example, the release of GPT-4 took an additional eight months after its development to address immediate concerns.

Self-Cannibalization of Data in Large Language Models:

Sam Altman suggests that future AI models should be capable of selecting high-quality and useful data for their training, whether human-generated or generated by previous language models. The models should evaluate the accuracy and utility of the information, similar to how humans incorporate new information into their existing worldview.

Alignment with National AI Strategies:

Discussing Indonesia’s national AI strategy, Sam Altman states that OpenAI’s mission is aligned particularly with the input areas that the strategy emphasizes, like ethics, regulation, and talent development. OpenAI aims to improve quality of life in various sectors including healthcare, and to offer high-quality, low-cost models to support such national strategies.

OpenAI’s Contributions to Priority Sectors:

OpenAI aims to create the best and most capable AI models and make them available at the lowest price. Sam Altman believes that this will inherently support sectors prioritized in national strategies, like healthcare and food security, by driving improvements in quality of life.

Ethical Use of AI in Military:

Sam Altman acknowledges that the ethical use of AI, especially in the military, is nuanced and complex. He distinguishes between extremes—like universally recognizing autonomous lethal weapons as negative and using AI for cybersecurity as positive. Altman emphasizes that it’s up to society to define the standards for AI’s ethical use in the military and that his voice is just one among many.

AI’s Role in Academia:

Regarding the issue of AI detectors implicating students for supposedly using language models like GPT in their academic work, Altman suggests that while these detectors could improve, they shouldn’t serve as definitive proof. He likens it to the absence of “calculator detectors” and indicates that the evaluation system itself should adapt to new technologies.

AI Ethics in Diverse Cultural Settings:

Sam Altman underscores the importance of creating AI systems that respect the ethical values of diverse cultures. For example, in Indonesia, a country with multiple ethnic backgrounds, AI systems should be capable of acknowledging local ethics and ideologies.

Transparency and Tackling Bias:

Altman stresses that it’s difficult to create a universally “unbiased” system but emphasizes the value of transparency and accountability. He suggests that these systems could be trained to understand societal nuances, which could then be applied differently in various cultural contexts.

Personalization and Global Standards:

He proposes a multi-layered approach for AI ethics that combines global standards for what AI should never do, like designing toxic pathogens, with the capability for more localized or even personalized ethics and values.

Closing Remarks:

Sam Altman believes that AI represents the most impactful technological revolution yet, and he emphasizes the collective responsibility to guide its development. He encourages public engagement to shape the technology’s trajectory, mitigating risks while maximizing benefits. Altman posits that those who adapt to this technology the fastest will reap the most rewards.

Closure and Gratitude:

The main focus of this segment is on wrapping up the event. Both speakers, including Sam Altman (referred to as SPEAKER_06), express gratitude and excitement about future collaborations. Speaker_05 looks forward to welcoming Sam back for future events.

Photo Opportunity:

The event concludes with a photo opportunity for media coverage. Prominent people are invited on stage for this purpose, including a Prime Minister and the CTO of GDP Venture, indicating the event’s significance.

Media Interaction:

The media are guided to specific spots for the photo session. Their presence and positioning are coordinated by Speaker_01, reflecting the event’s media attention.

Farewell Remarks:

Speaker_01 offers closing remarks, thanking everyone for their contributions and attendance. The speaker also mentions looking forward to future meetings, highlighting the continuing nature of whatever initiative or cause the event was held for.

In summary, this segment serves as the formal closing of an evidently important event, punctuated by expressions of gratitude, opportunities for media coverage, and anticipation of future engagements.