Wernher von Braun (NASA Director of Marshall Space Flight Center) – On Traveling to Mars (1975)

Chapters

Abstract

“Wernher von Braun’s Pioneering Vision: Redefining Space Exploration from Educational Satellites to Mars”

Wernher von Braun, a luminary in rocket science, left an indelible mark on space exploration, envisioning a future where educational and communication satellites revolutionize global connectivity and learning. During his time at Fairchild, he devoted his efforts to working on educational and communication satellites, delivering a lecture at Johns Hopkins Applied Research Lab on their immense potential. His ultimate dream, a human mission to Mars, was bolstered by intriguing findings from the Mariner 9 mission, revealing Mars as a geologically active planet with potential oases and signs of life. This groundbreaking vision encompassed not only Mars exploration but also the establishment of a lunar research station and inclusive space missions involving women scientists. The upcoming unmanned Mars missions in 1976, designed to probe the Martian environment, stand testament to von Braun’s enduring legacy in space exploration.

Mars Exploration: Von Braun’s Ultimate Objective

Von Braun’s fascination with Mars was driven by his belief in the planet’s potential to harbor life, a notion strengthened by Mariner 9’s discoveries of geological features like Olympus Mons and a vast canyon system. His vision extended to manned exploration, fueled by the possibility of finding higher forms of vegetation or life, and aiming to catalyze public interest and support for space travel. When queried about the prospect of humans going to Mars, Dr. Von Braun demonstrated immense enthusiasm, presenting available materials to discuss the topic. He believed Mars would be the natural successor to activities conducted in low Earth orbit.

Mariner 9’s Contribution to Martian Understanding

The Mariner 9 mission, pivotal in shaping modern understanding of Mars, revealed its dynamic nature. With the discovery of immense volcanic structures and evidence of water vapor, it challenged the perception of Mars as a static, lifeless world, suggesting diverse environments and ongoing geological activity. Mariner 9 unveiled unexpected geological phenomena on Mars. The tallest volcano in the solar system, measuring 16 miles high and twice the volume of Earth’s largest volcano, was discovered. Additionally, a canyon on Mars, stretching from Miami to Seattle and twice as deep and wide as the Grand Canyon, was identified. These findings hinted at Mars’ geological activity, contradicting the notion of its dormancy.

Technological Innovations for Mars Mission

Von Braun’s plan for a manned Mars mission was ambitious, incorporating advanced technologies like nuclear rocket engines for efficient propulsion and a modular spacecraft assembly in low Earth orbit. The mission would involve intricate maneuvers, including a trans-Mars trajectory, a Martian orbit capture, and a return journey to Earth. The use of a separate Martian Landing Module (LEM) for surface exploration was a key feature. NASA conducted a study during the Apollo program to explore the feasibility of sending humans to Mars using contemporary technology. The plan involved constructing two interplanetary spaceships in low Earth orbit from modular parts launched using a shuttle. Nuclear rocket engines, developed jointly with the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), would propel these spaceships.

Cost and Logistics of the Mars Mission

Mirroring the Apollo program in scale and cost, the Mars mission envisaged a larger crew of about a dozen, to accommodate extended travel time of approximately one and a half years. This foresight underscored the need for diverse skills and roles in such long-duration space missions. The projected cost of such a program was comparable to the Apollo program. The expedition would likely involve a crew of a dozen people, considering the extended travel time of approximately a year and a half.

Vision for Lunar Exploration and Inclusivity

Von Braun predicted the establishment of a lunar research station by the century’s end and advocated for the inclusion of women scientists in lunar missions. This progressive stance highlighted his commitment to inclusivity and the expansion of human presence in space. He envisioned a research station on the moon before the end of the century, with female scientists participating in lunar exploration. He even predicted the birth of the first baby on the moon, highlighting the potential for human settlement and colonization beyond Earth.

A Legacy Beyond Earth

Wernher von Braun’s vision extended beyond immediate technological achievements to encompass a future where space exploration becomes a conduit for education, communication, and human expansion into the solar system. His foresight, mirrored in the upcoming Mars missions and the predicted lunar research station, continues to inspire and guide contemporary space endeavors.

Notes by: oganesson