Nelson Mandela (South Africa President) – Nelson Mandela Interview (1990) (1990)
Chapters
Abstract
Mandela’s Vision for a New South Africa: Building on Solidarity, Seeking Global Support
In a transformative era marked by the dismantling of apartheid, Nelson Mandela, an emblematic figure of resistance and reconciliation, embarked on a mission to reshape South Africa. His vision, grounded in the principles of non-racialism, non-sexism, and democratic governance, sought not only to redress past injustices but to lay the foundation for a vibrant, inclusive future. This article synthesizes the key themes from Mandela’s discussions, emphasizing his strategies to reassure investors, his stance on national and international politics, and his unwavering commitment to a liberated South Africa.
Investor Confidence and International Assistance
Central to Mandela’s agenda was the reassurance of American and international investors about the stability and security of their investments in post-apartheid South Africa. Acknowledging the nation’s limited resources, Mandela underscored the necessity of global support for building a new South Africa. He argued that international cooperation was indispensable for the country’s economic restructuring and development.
In a crucial meeting, Mandela met with American businessmen to address their concerns about the safety of their investments amidst the tumultuous transition. He recognized their apprehension that funds might not flow to a society in transition, especially after the massive withdrawal of funds in the past decade. Mandela reassured them that the international community possessed the resources to assist South Africa in building a non-racial society post-apartheid.
Nationalization, Redistribution, and Land Reforms
Mandela addressed the contentious issues of nationalization and wealth redistribution, suggesting a range of strategies from state participation to exploring new funding channels. He highlighted land redistribution as a crucial priority, given the historical prohibition against black land ownership, and called for expert advice and a long-term approach to resolve this complex issue.
Mandela clarified that nationalization was just one of several options being considered for restructuring South Africa’s economy. He emphasized their openness to suggestions and their comprehensive evaluation of the situation, seeking advice from various sources. Furthermore, Mandela confirmed that state participation was among the options being considered for the economy, acknowledging the need to address the country’s historical imbalances.
Regarding the land question, Mandela recognized its critical importance, acknowledging the historical prohibition on black South Africans owning land. He emphasized that they didn’t work on models but on the needs of the people and the country. Mandela assured that the land question would receive proper attention and expert views, with the determination to resolve it in a manner that benefits all South Africans.
Negotiations and Political Dynamics
Mandela acknowledged the intricacies of negotiations within South Africa, emphasizing the African National Congress (ANC)’s commitment to addressing imbalances. He stressed the need for confidentiality in discussions and refrained from divulging specifics about the parties involved. Despite facing death threats, Mandela remained focused on his mission, attributing such threats to the government’s efforts to maintain white minority rule.
Mandela emphasized the importance of addressing imbalances, with the time frame depending on existing conditions. He stressed that negotiations were a crucial part of redressing the imbalance in South Africa. Mandela confirmed that the ANC had engaged in discussions with right-wing conservative groups, highlighting the organizational responsibility for such discussions, rather than individual involvement. He maintained the need for confidentiality in these negotiations.
Despite facing death threats, Mandela dismissed concerns, focusing on the work assigned to him by his superiors. He recognized that the government’s demonization of the ANC and their training of the police against the ANC had contributed to the current threats. Mandela believed that discussions could bring about fundamental changes in individuals’ attitudes, implying that no group was beyond negotiation.
Violence and Apartheid
Nelson Mandela highlighted the connection between apartheid and the ongoing violence in South Africa, emphasizing that the dismantling of apartheid is crucial for resolving these issues. He accused the government of using state organs to exacerbate violence between black individuals and groups and criticized their inaction in addressing the violence, despite having a capable police force and army. Mandela emphasized the collective responsibility of all citizens who believe in peace to mobilize against violence and stressed the need for the government to take action to end the violence and prevent further bloodshed.
ANC’s Role in Curtailing Violence
Mandela acknowledged the existence of black-on-black violence but downplayed its significance. He asserted that the government’s encouragement of violence between black groups is the primary concern. Mandela viewed the maintenance of international sanctions as a means to expedite a solution to the conflict. He believed that sanctions, combined with internal pressure and mass struggles, have contributed to the government’s willingness to negotiate.
Vision for a Non-Racial, Non-Sexist Democracy
A cornerstone of Mandela’s vision was the establishment of a non-racial, non-sexist democracy. He pointed to Namibia’s successful transition as a model and highlighted the ANC’s inclusive approach, evidenced by the participation of whites in the organization. Mandela also dismissed the significance of the homelands, arguing for their integration into a united South Africa.
Mandela rejected the opinion of companies that disinvestment was the best option for South Africa, arguing that this decision should be made by political organizations, trade unions, religious organizations, and professional associations, who consider the interests of the country as a whole. He also addressed the argument that corporate presence provides jobs, health care, and education, stating that he had already addressed this issue.
Cuba and the PLO
Mandela expressed surprise at the expectation of condemning Cuba and the PLO, given their support for South Africa’s liberation struggle from the beginning. He criticized the approach of some countries that prioritize their interests over the liberation struggle in South Africa. Mandela emphasized that South Africa will not be used to conduct vendettas against the West’s enemies.
Media Attention
Mandela expressed astonishment at the media attention given to his remarks about Cuba and the PLO. He had not seen the reports and was as surprised as when the controversy initially arose.
Women’s Rights in a Non-Sexist South Africa
Mandela affirmed the ANC’s commitment to women’s participation in political activities and other spheres. He emphasized that there will be no limitations on women’s rights and that the ANC will address any obstacles that may arise.
A Non-Racial Society and Future Leadership
Mandela stressed that the only solution to South Africa’s problems is the introduction of a non-racial society. He suggested that President de Klerk could solve his political problems by extending the vote to all South Africans. Mandela emphasized that the future leadership of South Africa would be determined by the people themselves and could include individuals from various organizations.
Impact of South Africa’s Liberation on the African Continent
Mandela acknowledged that the issue of apartheid in South Africa has preoccupied the African continent. He expressed hope that with Namibia’s independence and the prospect of a liberated South Africa, the region could become a source of inspiration during a challenging time for the continent.
Post-Apartheid South Africa’s Potential Impact on Africa
A liberated South Africa has the potential to be a powerhouse for the region and a large part of Africa due to its developed economy and infrastructure. By joining the Southern African Development Community (SADC), South Africa could pool resources and stimulate economic development in the region and beyond. The benefits of a liberated South Africa joining SADC are significant but should be considered in the context of the lasting legacy of colonial-era issues in Africa.
Addressing Ideological Biases in a Post-Apartheid South Africa
Mandela acknowledges that breaking down ideological biases that prevent fresh perspectives on political and economic issues in a post-apartheid South Africa is a broad question. He highlights the ongoing efforts of the two superpowers, the USA and the Soviet Union, to thaw the Cold War as a trend that may influence the situation.
Mandela’s Address to the National Press Club: Key Points
Mandela expresses optimism about the potential for peace and cooperation between world leaders, particularly Presidents Gorbachev and Bush, to address global issues.
Sanctions and Economic Pressure
Mandela emphasizes the importance of maintaining international sanctions, particularly by the United States, to pressure South Africa to dismantle apartheid.
Rehabilitation and Reconstruction
Mandela highlights the need for resources to support the rehabilitation of political exiles, rebuild the African National Congress, and mobilize the country for peace.
Education and Youth
Mandela addresses the issue of young people leaving South Africa due to inferior black education, and requests assistance from the United States to support education and resources for the ANC’s schools abroad.
Negotiations and Constitution
Mandela expresses hope for progress in negotiations with the South African government for a non-racial constitution and a peaceful resolution to apartheid.
Lessons from the American Experience
Mandela acknowledges the ongoing struggle against racial discrimination in the United States and sympathizes with the demands of black leaders for equal rights.
He indicates that South Africa will study the American constitution and other countries’ constitutions to learn from their approaches to addressing racialism.
Notes by: Flaneur