David Drummond (Google Chief Legal Officer) – Big Tent Ottawa Conference (Jun 2013)
Chapters
00:00:08 Navigating the Global Connectivity Revolution: Challenges and Opportunities
Challenges and Opportunities: The rapid growth of global internet connectivity is bringing billions of new users online, primarily from developing countries and non-English speaking regions. This surge in connectivity raises questions about the relationship between citizens and the state, especially in the context of governance and democracy.
Impact on Governance: David Drummond, Google’s Chief Legal Officer, believes that internet technologies empower individuals to become more involved in politics and hold governments accountable. However, governments can also use these tools to control and filter information, leading to complex and context-sensitive situations. Drummond emphasizes that established democracies can improve accountability, while emerging democracies can strive for better governance through internet connectivity.
Google’s Stance on Cooperation with Governments: Google operates globally and must abide by local laws to be a local player. The company’s values of openness, freedom, and empowerment clash with censorship and blocks, which are seen as “bugs” that need to be circumvented. Google faces challenging situations in countries like India, where free speech and expression must be balanced with cultural sensitivities. The company aims to operate everywhere as a force for openness and prefers serving markets from the outside if governments restrict internet freedom.
Balancing Values and Local Laws: Striking a balance between Google’s values and local laws is complex, especially in countries with different cultural norms and histories. Drummond highlights the difficulty of applying Western views on free speech in contexts where certain expressions can incite violence or discrimination. Google’s approach is to work with governments open to internet freedom and avoid cooperation with regimes that suppress it.
00:06:57 Opportunities and Challenges for Mature Democracies in the Digital Age
Opportunities for Economic Growth: Canada, with its talented workforce, stable democracy, and strong business formation, is well-positioned to take advantage of the economic opportunities presented by the digital world. The growth of the internet creates opportunities for Canadian businesses to innovate, create new products and services, and reach new markets. Canada has a strong telecommunications infrastructure and a growing entrepreneurial ecosystem, which provides a foundation for the development of digital businesses.
Lowering Barriers to Entry for Startups: The internet has significantly reduced the costs of starting a business, making it more accessible to entrepreneurs. Cloud-based tools and services have made it cheaper and easier for businesses to operate, reducing the need for large upfront investments. Online marketplaces and platforms enable small businesses to reach customers around the world, expanding their potential market size.
Challenges: Canada needs to ensure that its businesses, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), are equipped with the skills and resources to take advantage of digital technologies. The country must address the digital divide and ensure that all Canadians have access to high-speed internet and the necessary devices to participate in the digital economy. Canada should also focus on developing a robust cybersecurity framework to protect its digital infrastructure and businesses from cyber threats.
00:09:45 Data Flow and Digital Innovation in the Global Economy
The Rise of Digital Trade and Its Leveling Effect: The internet has created a more level playing field for individuals and countries to participate in the global economy, irrespective of their natural resources, manufacturing prowess, or military power. This digital landscape presents opportunities for the developing world, allowing them to connect and share their creativity with the rest of the world.
Embracing Digital Trade for Global Good: Trade and economic activity in the digital field can benefit the entire world by providing talented individuals from underserved regions with opportunities to connect and share their ideas and creations. This exchange fosters innovation and economic growth, leading to a positive impact on the global economy.
Encouraging Digital Trade and Creativity: Governments should embrace digital trade and encourage creativity in the digital sphere. Multilateral agreements and trade arrangements can help ensure that the digital playing field remains level and accessible for all.
The Changing Landscape of Trade: The concept of trade is evolving, with data becoming a significant component alongside physical goods. The free flow of data across borders is essential for digital trade and economic growth.
Challenges in Regulating Digital Trade: The international trade regime has not yet fully adapted to the realities of digital trade, leading to challenges in regulating data flow across borders. Governments need to address these challenges to ensure fair and equitable digital trade practices.
Conclusion: The rise of digital trade presents opportunities for global development and economic growth, particularly for underserved regions. Governments and international organizations must work together to create a framework that supports digital trade and encourages creativity while addressing the challenges associated with data flow across borders.
00:13:09 Challenges of Data Security and National Competitiveness in the Digital Age
Internet Regulation and Local Markets: Countries often regulate the internet to protect local markets, close them off to foreign competition, and favor national champions. China’s policy towards Google is partly about censorship and partly about promoting local internet firms. Free trade principles have not been applied to data, trade, and information.
Information and Trade: Information has unique attributes, including personal information, requiring specific protections. We have managed to trade hazardous substances; we can find ways to trade information that ensures comfort and security.
Telecom Ownership Restrictions: Restricting foreign ownership of telecoms, like in the US and Canada, is unsustainable in the long run. Connectivity and opportunities created by the internet will challenge the current regime of restrictions.
Canada and the US: Canada and the US share similarities in growth and consumption patterns. However, there is some divergence in internet adoption and the use of internet services in Canada, with Canada below the G20 average. Concerns about cloud computing and internet services in Canada may lead to falling behind in competitiveness.
Competitiveness and Cloud Services: Cloud services offer cost-effectiveness, productivity, and efficiency gains. Utilizing global platforms with scale and resources can enhance security. Businesses spending more to do the same tasks as competitors in other countries is not ideal, especially with increasing global competition.
National Data and Trust: The central question is why countries like Canada should entrust their national data and secrets to systems in other countries. Governments’ arguments for data sovereignty and control raise concerns about trade and competitiveness.
00:19:35 Global Competition for Talent and Data Security Concerns
Information Security and Cloud Computing: Concerns were raised about the Patriot Act’s impact on information security and privacy, particularly in the context of cloud computing. Drummond acknowledges the Patriot Act’s existence but emphasizes the need to focus on larger global threats, such as cyberattacks and corporate espionage. He suggests that regulatory overreach could hinder innovation and that a balanced approach is necessary, allowing for choice and flexibility in data storage and processing.
Data Storage and Privacy: Drummond questions the need for strict regulations on data storage within national borders, arguing that many services are already based in the United States due to close cooperation between the two countries. He emphasizes the importance of due diligence and informed decision-making by local governments and private companies when choosing data storage platforms.
Talent Acquisition and Globalization: Drummond acknowledges the global nature of talent and the competition for skilled individuals in the digital sector. He suggests that countries should focus on creating attractive environments for talented individuals to come and work productively.
H-1B Visa and Talent Attraction: Drummond mentions Google’s billboard campaign in San Francisco, highlighting the company’s efforts to attract talent from other countries by offering solutions to H-1B visa issues. He acknowledges the importance of finding ways to attract and retain talented individuals from around the world.
Conclusion: Drummond emphasizes the need for a balanced approach to regulation in the digital world, focusing on process and informed decision-making rather than restrictive legislation. He also highlights the importance of attracting and retaining global talent to drive innovation and growth in the digital sector.
00:26:30 Promoting Internet Freedom and Openness for Global Connectivity
Emerging Global Opportunities: As the world becomes more interconnected, opportunities for individuals and businesses are increasing. Education, technology, and social policies contribute to this expansion of opportunities. Cities need to be welcoming and accommodating to attract and retain talent.
Importance of Broadband Connectivity: Broadband connectivity is essential for realizing the benefits of a connected world. Governments should prioritize policies that expand broadband access and infrastructure.
Government Policy and Data Flow: Governments should adopt policies that promote openness and free flow of data across borders. Inclusion in trade agreements can incentivize countries to commit to keeping the internet open.
Internet Access as a Human Right: Freedom of expression is a fundamental human right. Internet access has become a crucial means of communication and personal fulfillment.
Challenges to Global Connectivity: The balkanization of the web, with countries implementing restrictive internet policies, is a major impediment to global connectivity. Lack of uniform regulations and standards across countries can hinder cross-border digital interactions.
00:32:28 Wearable Computing: Revolution, Etiquette, and Regulation
Wearable Computing Revolution: Moore’s Law has enabled miniaturization of technology, leading to devices like smart glasses that combine memory, processing power, cameras, microphones, speakers, and more. Wearable computing will cater to individuals who prefer using devices beyond desktops and handhelds. Social etiquette, organization, and possibly regulation may need to be addressed as wearable computing becomes more prevalent.
David Drummond’s Perspective: He sees potential in wearable computing but acknowledges the need to establish etiquette and consider potential awkwardness. He believes wearable computing will improve many things and that developers will create game-changing applications.
Concern over Google Glasses: Some people are excited about the potential of Google Glasses, while others are alarmed by it. Drummond acknowledges the potential for misuse and the need for caution.
Importance of Disclosure and Transparency: Scotty Greenwood, a former Google executive, discusses the company’s decision to disclose its compromise in China and its subsequent withdrawal from the country. He emphasizes the need for companies to disclose compromises and be transparent with their users.
00:36:59 Lessons From Google's Departure From China
Key Points: After discovering the extent of censorship demands in China, Google quickly decided to publicly disclose the issue and reconsider its approach. The company’s previous policy of operating a localized search engine behind the Chinese firewall, with limited censorship, was met with criticism. Google’s initial hope was that its presence in China could positively influence the country’s openness and development. However, the Chinese government’s increasing censorship and restrictions led Google to conclude that it was better to operate outside the firewall. Google’s experience in China taught them that it is often more effective to advocate for change from outside highly autocratic regimes. The company became more cautious about entering countries with similar censorship laws, recognizing that profit should not be prioritized over ethical concerns.
Abstract
“Global Connectivity Revolution: Balancing Economic Growth, Governance, and Privacy in the Digital Age”
In the next decade, the internet’s expansion, primarily via smartphones, will connect billions more people worldwide, greatly impacting governance, economics, and individual empowerment. This surge in connectivity presents a unique opportunity for countries like Canada, which boasts strengths in talent, rule of law, and business formation, to capitalize on digital growth and lead in innovation. However, this rapid digital expansion also brings challenges, including the adaptation of governments to empowered individuals, the balancing act of companies like Google between local laws and global values, and the complexities of digital trade and data security. This article delves into these multifaceted aspects, highlighting the potential and the perils of our increasingly interconnected world.
Economic Opportunities and Challenges:
Canada’s Digital Leadership:
Canada’s combination of talent, legal framework, and business-friendly environment positions it as a potential leader in the digital economy. The rise of innovative businesses and technical talent, alongside robust telecommunications infrastructure, can catalyze economic growth.
Small Businesses and Global Markets:
The internet’s rapid growth has brought billions of new users online, primarily from developing countries and non-English speaking regions. This surge in connectivity raises questions about the relationship between citizens and the state, especially in the context of governance and democracy. Internet advancements have drastically reduced the costs of starting and running businesses. Platforms like Google facilitate small businesses’ access to global markets, transcending traditional geographic limitations.
Digital Trade Dynamics:
Digital trade, driven by creativity and innovation, levels the economic playing field, offering unique opportunities, especially for developing countries. This digital landscape presents opportunities for the developing world, allowing them to connect and share their creativity with the rest of the world. This exchange fosters innovation and economic growth, leading to a positive impact on the global economy. The adaptation of traditional trade regimes to digital realities poses significant challenges, necessitating new approaches to data flow and intellectual property rights.
Governance and Freedom:
Internet Freedom and Authoritarian Challenges:
The empowerment of individuals through internet access could lead to more democratic governance, but this is not guaranteed. Authoritarian regimes might attempt to curtail internet freedom, posing a dilemma for companies like Google that advocate for openness but must operate within these regimes. David Drummond, Google’s Chief Legal Officer, believes that internet technologies empower individuals to become more involved in politics and hold governments accountable. However, governments can also use these tools to control and filter information, leading to complex and context-sensitive situations. Drummond emphasizes that established democracies can improve accountability, while emerging democracies can strive for better governance through internet connectivity.
Google’s Navigational Challenges:
Google exemplifies the tightrope walk of maintaining its values of openness and freedom while adhering to diverse local laws. Google operates globally and must abide by local laws to be a local player. The company’s values of openness, freedom, and empowerment clash with censorship and blocks, which are seen as “bugs” that need to be circumvented. Google faces challenging situations in countries like India, where free speech and expression must be balanced with cultural sensitivities. The company aims to operate everywhere as a force for openness and prefers serving markets from the outside if governments restrict internet freedom. Google’s strategy involves operating globally, aligning with governments that share its vision of an open internet, and avoiding markets where restrictions conflict with its principles.
National Interests and Data Security:
National Champions and Connectivity:
Policies favoring local internet firms and restrictions on foreign telecom ownership are prevalent but may be unsustainable in the long term. The global nature of the internet challenges these nationalistic approaches, emphasizing the need for open connectivity and competition.
Data Security Concerns:
With the increasing reliance on cloud services, concerns about data security and national interests have intensified. Canada, while closely collaborating with the US, faces the dilemma of ensuring data security within its borders against cyber threats.
Patriot Act and International Cooperation:
The US Patriot Act raises concerns about data privacy, but it’s part of a larger framework of international cooperation in law enforcement and security. Global cloud platforms offer robust security measures, but governments still grapple with balancing data protection and the benefits of cloud computing.
Talent and Innovation:
The Global Talent Race:
As the digital economy grows, the competition for skilled talent intensifies. Countries must create environments that attract and retain global talent, fostering innovation and productivity.
Connectivity and Openness:
Broadband and Open Internet:
Expanding broadband access is crucial for harnessing the internet’s benefits. Policies promoting open internet and including it in trade negotiations are vital for maintaining the free flow of information.
Internet as a Human Right:
Access to the internet is increasingly recognized as a fundamental human right, essential for freedom of expression and opportunity.
Technical and Social Implications:
Technical Balkanization:
The fragmentation of the internet into isolated networks, known as technical balkanization, poses a significant threat to its growth and potential.
Wearable Technology and Privacy:
The rise of wearable computing, like smart glasses, brings convenience and innovation but also raises privacy and social concerns. Google Glasses, for example, sparked debates about the balance between technological advancement and privacy. Google’s chief legal officer, David Drummond, foresees wearable computing revolutionizing many aspects of life, but he also acknowledges the need to establish etiquette and consider potential awkwardness. He emphasizes the significance of disclosure and transparency when it comes to data handling and usage, particularly in light of the company’s decision to disclose its compromise in China and its subsequent withdrawal from the country.
Lessons from International Experiences:
Google’s China Conundrum:
Google’s withdrawal from the Chinese search engine market highlights the complex interplay between business interests, values, and political censorship. This experience underscores the importance of robust cybersecurity measures and navigating geopolitical sensitivities in global operations.
Emerging Global Opportunities:
As the world becomes more interconnected, opportunities for individuals and businesses are increasing. Education, technology, and social policies contribute to this expansion of opportunities. Cities need to be welcoming and accommodating to attract and retain talent.
Importance of Broadband Connectivity:
Broadband connectivity is essential for realizing the benefits of a connected world. Governments should prioritize policies that expand broadband access and infrastructure.
Government Policy and Data Flow:
Governments should adopt policies that promote openness and free flow of data across borders. Inclusion in trade agreements can incentivize countries to commit to keeping the internet open.
Internet Access as a Human Right:
Freedom of expression is a fundamental human right. Internet access has become a crucial means of communication and personal fulfillment.
Challenges to Global Connectivity:
The balkanization of the web, with countries implementing restrictive internet policies, is a major impediment to global connectivity. Lack of uniform regulations and standards across countries can hinder cross-border digital interactions.
Internet Regulation and Local Markets:
Countries often regulate the internet to protect local markets, close them off to foreign competition, and favor national champions. China’s policy towards Google is partly about censorship and partly about promoting local internet firms. Free trade principles have not been applied to data, trade, and information.
Information and Trade:
Information has unique attributes, including personal information, requiring specific protections. We have managed to trade hazardous substances; we can find ways to trade information that ensures comfort and security.
Telecom Ownership Restrictions:
Restricting foreign ownership of telecoms, like in the US and Canada, is unsustainable in the long run. Connectivity and opportunities created by the internet will challenge the current regime of restrictions.
Canada and the US:
Canada and the US share similarities in growth and consumption patterns. However, there is some divergence in internet adoption and the use of internet services in Canada, with Canada below the G20 average. Concerns about cloud computing and internet services in Canada may lead to falling behind in competitiveness.
Competitiveness and Cloud Services:
Cloud services offer cost-effectiveness, productivity, and efficiency gains. Utilizing global platforms with scale and resources can enhance security. Businesses spending more to do the same tasks as competitors in other countries is not ideal, especially with increasing global competition.
National Data and Trust:
The central question is why countries like Canada should entrust their national data and secrets to systems in other countries. Governments’ arguments for data sovereignty and control raise concerns about trade and competitiveness.
Information Security and Cloud Computing:
Concerns were raised about the Patriot Act’s impact on information security and privacy, particularly in the context of cloud computing. Drummond acknowledges the Patriot Act’s existence but emphasizes the need to focus on larger global threats, such as cyberattacks and corporate espionage. He suggests that regulatory overreach could hinder innovation and that a balanced approach is necessary, allowing for choice and flexibility in data storage and processing.
Data Storage and Privacy:
Drummond questions the need for strict regulations on data storage within national borders, arguing that many services are already based in the United States due to close cooperation between the two countries. He emphasizes the importance of due diligence and informed decision-making by local governments and private companies when choosing data storage platforms.
Talent Acquisition and Globalization:
Drummond acknowledges the global nature of talent and the competition for skilled individuals in the digital sector. He suggests that countries should focus on creating attractive environments for talented individuals to come and work productively.
H-1B Visa and Talent Attraction:
Drummond mentions Google’s billboard campaign in San Francisco, highlighting the company’s efforts to attract talent from other countries by offering solutions to H-1B visa issues. He acknowledges the importance of finding ways to attract and retain talented individuals from around the world.
David Drummond discussed Google's unique culture of innovation, driven by its diverse population and tolerant mindset, while emphasizing the importance of risk-taking and adaptability for students and aspiring professionals....
Google's approach to innovation involves pushing forward hardware and physical products, while also exploring crazy ideas with the potential to lead to useful products. Google's commitment to innovation and openness has been instrumental in shaping the future of the internet and fostering global entrepreneurship....
David Drummond's tenure at Google has been instrumental in defining the company's culture of intellectual debate, ambitious goal-setting, and viewing failure as a learning opportunity. Drummond's experiences as a Black lawyer in Silicon Valley shaped his understanding of the significance of diversity and inclusion in the workplace....
David Drummond's contributions to Google and Alphabet include legal expertise, strategic insights, and a commitment to diversity and ethical practices in technology. He has been an advocate for fair intellectual property law and has championed diversity in the tech industry....
Google's innovation approach focuses on creating a platform for individuals to generate new ideas and develop them, emphasizing preservation of cultural heritage through technology. Google's innovation strategy involves forming small teams, providing resources, and fostering a culture of creativity to achieve impactful novelty and societal impact....
Grassroots movements and prominent figures advocate for educational equity and generational justice, highlighting the importance of investing in underprivileged children and addressing generational inequity. Geoffrey Canada and Stan Druckenmiller exemplify the power of collaboration in transforming communities through innovative approaches to education and social services....
Google navigates ethical dilemmas by prioritizing user privacy, advocating internet freedom, and balancing profits with ethical practices. Google's approach to censorship and data protection involves avoiding self-censorship, protecting user data, and promoting transparency....